Since the beginning of the 21st century, lunar exploration activities have gradually evolved from “understanding” to “understanding & utilization”. This paper analyzes the international development trends in lunar resource utilization. In the field of in-situ lunar resource utilization, spacefaring nations like the United States have not yet established an absolute leadership position. From the perspective of supporting the sustainable construction and efficient operation of lunar research stations, this paper gives the modes of in-situ resource utilization activities, such as energy acquisition and utilization, mineral extraction and conversion, and lunar base construction and operation, and it classifies high-value utilization methods. The paper summarizes the key scientific and technological challenges of in-situ lunar resource utilization, outlines short-term, mid-term, and long-term development goals for lunar resource utilization, and presents relevant strategic recommendations. The research findings in this paper can provide valuable references for the demonstration of national initiatives and the implementation of specific innovation research in various disciplines.